Introduction to Biomimicry
In its quest for survival, nature has devised a thousand ways to optimize species reproduction. While mammals and insects can search for a mate, plants have more restrictions. Typically, the plant kingdom depends on other species, such as bees, to pollinate flowers or birds to disperse their seeds. However, some plants and trees have developed unique solutions that resemble aerospace engineering. The structure of maple seeds is a prime example, which has inspired a new technological breakthrough based on biomimetics.
A Drone Inspired by Nature
The light maple seed, falling from the tree in a spinning motion, is sometimes described as one of nature’s helicopters. Three scientists from the City University of Hong Kong were inspired by this phenomenon to increase the flight range of a lightweight drone. Their device weighs less than 100 grams and has a unique design. Instead of a central rotor, the drone has two rotors at the tips of the blades, which are identical in design to maple seed pods. This design offers remarkable stability with very low energy expenditure.
Key Features of the Drone
The prototype weighs thirty-five grams, and its blades rotate at 200 rpm, keeping the device in the air for twenty-four minutes thanks to a small battery. The direction of flight can be controlled simply by changing the speed of each rotor. The model can carry small payloads of just over twenty grams and has been tested with a miniature camera, which would allow it to be used for mapping or monitoring spaces.
The Aerodynamics of Maple Seeds
As it develops, the seed of the maple tree is covered by a v-shaped sheath. At first, while still green, the seed falls like a stone from the tree. However, as it dries, it loses water and weight. When it reaches the point of optimum maturity, the seed is ready to take a flight to other latitudes. Maple seeds have reportedly traveled up to four kilometers. The secret lies in the structure of their "blades," which generate lift, i.e., the same force that allows airplane wings to take flight.
Biomimicry in Action
The study of maple seeds has led to the development of new flying systems, such as the drone inspired by the seed "helicopter." There are other examples of biomimicry-based systems, such as an Airbus aircraft. Biomimicry is the practice of using nature-inspired designs to solve human problems. This approach has led to the emergence of a new figure: the Director of Biomimicry.
Biomimetic Companies
In times when sustainability is an integral value of business projects, it is not surprising to see the emergence of biomimetic companies. Jamie Miller, a biomimicry expert, has been appointed as the Director of Biomimetics at a Canadian architectural firm. Miller has already integrated biomimetic solutions into his firm’s projects, including residential buildings in Ontario and Gabon. For example, they have designed a house in India that uses cooling solutions based on elephant skin and termite mounds, and a garden emulating a forest ecosystem.
Applications of Biomimicry
Biomimicry can provide inspiration for creating more energy-efficient structures. For instance, spider webs or mangroves can be used as models for designing resistant and sustainable materials. This approach can be a powerful tool in the fight against climate change. By studying nature and its designs, we can develop innovative solutions to human problems.
Conclusion
The study of maple seeds and their unique aerodynamics has led to the development of a new drone inspired by nature. This is just one example of biomimicry in action. By embracing this approach, companies can develop sustainable and innovative solutions to human problems. As we continue to face the challenges of climate change, biomimicry can be a powerful tool in our quest for a more sustainable future.
